根據(jù)原材料的不同，常見的生物降解塑料少有以下幾種：聚己內(nèi)酯（PCL）、聚乳酸（PLA）、聚羥基烷酸酯(PHA)等等，下面展開內(nèi)容講講吧。

According to different raw materials, there are at least the following kinds of common biodegradable plastics: polycaprolactone (PCL), polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), etc. Let's talk about it below.

聚己內(nèi)酯（PCL）

Polycaprolactone (PCL)

這種塑料具有良好的生物降解性，熔點(diǎn)是62℃。分解它的微生物廣泛地分布在喜氣或厭氣條件下。作為可生物降解材料可把它與淀粉、纖維素類的材料混合在一起，或與乳酸聚合使用。

This kind of plastic has good biodegradability, and its melting point is 62 ℃. The microorganisms that decompose it are widely distributed under the conditions of euphoria or anorexia. As a biodegradable material, it can be mixed with starch and cellulose materials, or polymerized with lactic acid.

聚丁二酸丁二醇酯（PBS）及其共聚物

Polybutylene succinate (PBS) and its copolymers

以PBS（熔點(diǎn)為114℃）為基礎(chǔ)材料制造各種高分子量聚酯的技術(shù)已經(jīng)達(dá)到工業(yè)化生產(chǎn)水平。

The technology of manufacturing various high molecular weight polyesters based on PBS (melting point: 114 ℃) has reached the level of industrial production.

聚乳酸（PLA）

Polylactic acid (PLA)

隨著人們的環(huán)保意識的增強(qiáng)，解決塑料材料與環(huán)保的協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展問題愈加凸顯?？山到馑芰鲜侵冈谏a(chǎn)過程中加入一定量的添加劑(如淀粉、改性淀粉或其它纖維素、光敏劑、生物降解劑等)，穩(wěn)定性下降，較容易在自然環(huán)境中降解的塑料。

With the enhancement of people's awareness of environmental protection, the problem of solving the coordinated development of plastic materials and environmental protection has become increasingly prominent. Degradable plastics refer to plastics that are easy to degrade in the natural environment due to the decrease of stability due to the addition of a certain amount of additives (such as starch, modified starch or other cellulose, photosensitizers, biodegradable agents, etc.) in the production process.

可降解塑料的出現(xiàn)，不僅擴(kuò)大了塑料功能，而且在一定程度上可緩解與環(huán)境的矛盾，節(jié)約和代替石油資源，有效地白色污染，保護(hù)環(huán)境。

The emergence of degradable plastics not only expands the function of plastics, but also alleviates the contradiction with the environment to a certain extent, saves and replaces oil resources, effectively eliminates white pollution and protects the environment.

聚乳酸(pla)是一種新型的生物降解材料，使用可再生的植物資源(如玉米)所提出的淀粉原料制成，淀粉原料經(jīng)由發(fā)酵過程制成乳酸，再通過化學(xué)合成轉(zhuǎn)換成聚乳酸。盡管聚乳酸具有良好的生物降解性，但聚乳酸還存在生產(chǎn)成本高等問題，其力學(xué)和加工性能還有待進(jìn)一步提高。

Polylactic acid (PLA) is a new type of biodegradable material, which is made of starch raw materials proposed by renewable plant resources (such as corn). The starch raw materials are made into lactic acid through fermentation, and then converted into polylactic acid through chemical synthesis. Although PLA has good biodegradability, it still has the problem of high production cost, and its mechanical and processing properties need to be further improved.

聚羥基烷酸酯(PHA)

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)

利用可再生資源得到的生物降解顆粒降解塑料，把脂肪族聚酯和淀粉混合在一起，生產(chǎn)可降解性塑料的技術(shù)也已經(jīng)研究成功。在歐美，淀粉和脂肪族聚酯的共混物被廣泛用來生產(chǎn)垃圾袋等產(chǎn)品。上規(guī)模大、銷售好的是意大利的Novamont公司，其商品名為Mater-bi，公司的產(chǎn)品在歐洲和美國有較大量的應(yīng)用。

The technology of using biodegradable particles obtained from renewable resources to degrade plastics and mixing aliphatic polyester and starch to produce degradable plastics has also been successfully studied. In Europe and the United States, the blend of starch and aliphatic polyester is widely used to produce garbage bags and other products. Novamont, an Italian company with a trade name of mater Bi, has a large scale and good sales in the world. Its products are widely used in Europe and the United States.

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